Looking back on 70 years of Chinese industry

In the 70 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's industrial development has made proud achievements. It has built the most complete industrial system in the world, greatly increased production capacity, and the output of major products has leapt to the forefront of the world. The world's number one, the industrial structure is gradually optimized, the technological level and innovation ability have been steadily improved, and it has become the world's largest industrial country. The leap-forward development of industry has laid the foundation for our country to become a strong country and a rich country.

Industrial economy achieves leapfrog development

After the 70th anniversary of the founding of New China, especially the development since the reform and opening up, China's industry has successfully achieved a historical leap from small to large and weak to strong.

First, it has greatly improved the quality of life of the people and provided a wealth of material products for the global market. After the founding of New China, the party and government attached great importance to industrial construction and focused economic work on industrial construction. After 70 years of rapid development, especially since the reform and opening up, iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, electricity, coal, petroleum processing, chemicals, and machinery , Building materials, textiles, food, pharmaceuticals and other industrial industries continue to grow from small to large, some emerging industrial industries such as aerospace industry, automotive industry, electronic communications industry, etc. from scratch, the industrial structure is gradually upgraded. Since the reform and opening up, through the establishment and improvement of the industrial production system and the comparative advantage of the labor force, the people's clothing, food, shelter, and transportation have been greatly guaranteed, and the quality of life has been greatly improved. More than 95% of the products have been converted into industrial products, and the industrial international competitiveness has been significantly enhanced.

Since 2009, China has consistently ranked as the world's largest exporter of goods in the world for many consecutive years. Light industrial products such as clothing, shoes, toys, hardware products, and home appliances have a high market share globally. The development of industry and the export of cheap and quality products are extremely rich.

The second is to strengthen infrastructure construction capabilities and play an important role in improving overall national strength. Since the reform and opening up, the bottlenecks in the supply of energy and raw materials that have restricted economic development have been alleviated. Compared with the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the energy and raw materials industry has grown hundreds of times, and the output of some products has entered the forefront of the world. The development of the energy and raw material industry has laid the foundation for infrastructure construction and has promoted the rapid progress of China's infrastructure construction.

At the end of 2018, the operating mileage of China's railways reached 131,000 kilometers, a five-fold increase over the end of 1949, of which high-speed railways reached 29,000 kilometers, accounting for more than 60% of the world's total high-speed railways. The high-speed rail network has basically formed; the mileage of highways has reached 4.85 million kilometers, an increase of 59 times, of which highways have grown from scratch, reaching 143,000 kilometers by the end of 2018; the mileage of inland waterways has reached 127,000 kilometers, an increase of 72.7%; optical cables The total line length is 43.58 million kilometers. In 2018, there were 1.31 billion mobile broadband users. The world's largest mobile broadband network has been basically built. The construction of a new generation of high-speed, mobile, secure, and ubiquitous information infrastructure has been accelerated. In general, since the founding of New China 70 years ago, China's infrastructure construction has been greatly strengthened, which has greatly improved China's comprehensive national strength.

The third is to improve the level of technology and equipment of the national economy and promote coordinated regional development. Industry is a technology-intensive industry. The development and growth of Chinese industry, especially the rapid development after reform and opening up, has greatly improved the overall technical level of industrial development, created conditions for the development of other industries, and played an important role in the optimization of China's industrial structure and factors. Taking the relationship between the transportation industry and the transportation equipment manufacturing industry as an example, by the end of 2018, the national railways had 21,000 locomotive units, and the total operating mileage of the national railways reached 132,000 kilometers, an increase of 5.3 times over 1949. 5.0 times, the two showed a significant positive correlation.

Looking at the role of regional coordinated development, in the mid-1960s, the regional industrial layout centered on the construction of large and small frontiers laid the foundation for industrial development in the central and western regions. After the reform and opening up, the adjustment of the industrial layout has become China ’s economic growth The important approaches, such as "the first development in the east" and "western development", are mainly based on industry to promote implementation. The so-called industrial transfer to promote economic development basically refers to the transfer of manufacturing. Manufacturing has high labor productivity, strong driving force, and can create more market demand. It has played an important driving role in regional economic development.

The fourth is to absorb and disseminate new technologies and improve the quality of economic development. Several major leaps in human society have originated from the industrial revolution. Technological innovation and technological progress have given industry the power to promote the progress of human history. In New China, technological progress and industrial development have almost followed each other. In the early days of the founding of New China, the introduction of 156 technologies from the former Soviet Union marked the first step in the development of New China's industry. After the reform and opening up, we have learned to introduce advanced foreign technology to a wider range, forming a virtuous cycle of "introduction-digestion and absorption-re-innovation", which has accelerated the process of China's industrialization.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China's independent innovation capability has been further strengthened, the technological level of some industries is close to or reached the international advanced level, and the technology of some industries is in an international leading position. At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial reform is booming. The new trends, new formats and new models exhibited by China's industrial development are driving the industrial development towards the mid-to-high end. New competitive advantages are being formed. The development of quality and the realization of China's progress from an industrial power to an industrial power have added new impetus.

Strategic evolution and theoretical innovation of industrial development

Looking back at the history of industrial development in the 70 years since the founding of New China, each stage faces special problems. The theoretical explorations and strategic guidelines guided by the special problems at each stage in turn guide China's industrial development strategy. In the 70 years since the founding of New China, the industrial development strategy and theoretical innovation have been formed and developed in a cycle of continuous innovation, revision, re-innovation and re-correction in solving problems.

One is about the long-term strategy of building an industrial nation.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the party and government made industrial development a top priority of economic construction. After the reform and opening up, the party and state work centers moved to economic construction. By adopting a series of policies and measures, the economic vitality was greatly enhanced, and the industrial development planning goals were basically achieved. However, in the process of industrialization, problems such as unilateral industrial advancement, ecological environment protection, and relatively backward technological innovation have emerged. In response to these problems, we propose a new type of industrialization with Chinese characteristics based on domestic and foreign industrialization experience and China's national conditions.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that China's economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. It is now in the tackling phase of transforming the development mode, optimizing the economic structure, and transforming the growth momentum. Building a modern economic system is an urgent requirement to cross the border and Strategic goals of China's development. The practice of economic development shows that the improvement of the level of industrialization is not only the increase of the proportion of industry in GDP, but also the formation of an industrial system of the coordinated development of the real economy, technological innovation, modern finance, and human resources. Building a modern industrial system is a sublimation of understanding of the nature and connotation of industrialization. These are in the same vein as the guiding ideology of developing industry in the early days of the founding of New China.

Second, the strategy for the advancement of some industries and regions.

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's economic development was very backward, and the blockade of Western countries formed many development bottlenecks. Under the then domestic and foreign environment, the central government made a strategic decision to prioritize the development of heavy industry. The construction of heavy industry is first of all the construction of steel, coal, electricity, petroleum, machinery manufacturing, military industries, non-ferrous metals and basic chemical industries. The priority development of heavy industry has laid the foundation for China's industrialization, and has played an important role in accelerating industrialization in the future, building a complete industrial system, training and training scientific and technological personnel, and industrial workers.

After the reform and opening up, we also adopted a slanted development approach in the layout of industrial development. We established a coastal special economic zone, opened up coastal port cities, and tilted the focus of industrial development toward well-established coastal areas to make some areas richer. With the advancement of industrialization construction, industries with different characteristics and advantages have formed in various regions of China, and the industrial layout has gradually been optimized. The practice of economic development shows that as a large country, the demonstration of advanced industries and developed regions to promote the development of traditional industries and backward areas is conducive to accelerating technological progress and the flow of factors, thereby better enhancing the potential of economic development. This is also an important reason why China has adhered to the priority development of some industries and regions for many years.

Third, the strategy of promoting development through innovation.

Scientific and technological innovation is the fundamental driving force for economic development. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, we sounded the trumpets of marching toward science, and initially established a government-led science and technology system. After the reform and opening up, China has successively implemented a series of high-tech research and development programs such as the "863 Plan" and "Torch Plan", carried out a series of scientific research system reforms, mobilized the enthusiasm and innovation of scientific researchers, and strengthened scientific and technological strength with economic development. The improvement of comprehensive national strength provides important support. The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the implementation of the strategy of innovation-driven development. Scientific and technological innovation is a strategic support for improving social productivity and comprehensive national strength, and must be placed at the core of the country's overall development.

This is a major decision made by the central government to look at the world, base itself on the overall situation, and face the future. It is also a further elaboration of the new road to industrialization. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that innovation is the primary driving force for development and the strategic support for building a modern economic system. Scientific and technological innovation has a multiplier effect. Not only can it be directly transformed into real productivity, but it can also amplify the productivity of various production factors through the infiltration of science and technology, and improve the overall level of social productivity. Implementing an innovation-driven development strategy can comprehensively improve the quality and efficiency of China's economic development, and effectively promote the transformation of economic development methods. In short, innovation drive has become the key to determining the future of our country's development, the key to enhancing our economic strength and comprehensive national strength, and the key to improving our international competitiveness and international status.

Prospects for China's Industrial Development in the Future

The 70-year development of China's industry is remarkable and proud. However, we must also see that there are still inadequacy and imbalances in industrial development. In the next five to ten years, China's industrial development environment will face some changes: First, consumption upgrades place higher requirements on the quality of China's industrial development; second, major changes in the international environment, but the period of strategic opportunities still exists; third, new technologies, etc. The impact on China's industrial development will become more profound, and the industry will enter a fission period of structural adjustment, power conversion, demand upgrade, and intensified competition. Standing at a new historical starting point, we must take the initiative to seize the opportunities brought about by the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial change, conform to the general trend of integration and development, take innovation as the first driving force for development, and continuously promote high-quality industries. development of.

First, high-quality development is an important magic weapon to respond to changes in domestic and foreign markets. In the future, the market demand faced by China's industry will present diversification and high quality, and industry will present a demand-oriented development characteristic. Facing changes in the domestic and foreign market environment, promoting high-quality industrial development can effectively meet the changes in domestic market demand and enhance international competitiveness. The first is to improve the quality of industrial products and cultivate and build a number of national independent brands with reliable quality. The second is to speed up the improvement of the consumer product and service standard system, to regularly formulate and revise product quality supervision laws and standards, and strengthen quality policy guidance and quality environment construction.

Second, industrial integration is the general trend of future industrial development. Industrial integration refers to the dynamic development process of different industries or the same industry and different industries that penetrate each other and cross each other, and eventually merge into one, and gradually form a new industry. At present, industrial integration has become an important trend in industrial development. It is a reform of industrial organization under the background of economic globalization and new technological revolution. Industrial integration includes penetration fusion, extension integration and reorganization integration. For example, biochips, nanoelectronics, etc. are the penetration and integration of information and biotechnology into traditional industries; manufacturing services are based on information technology, and the reorganization and integration of upstream and downstream industries in the industrial chain. New products produced after the integration are digitalized , Intelligent and networked development characteristics. In essence, industrial integration also meets the requirements of consumers for more personalization and higher quality. Its foundation is the new technological revolution. Therefore, taking market demand as the guide and supporting the new technological revolution are important conditions for industrial integration.

Third, innovation has become the main force driving development. A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution is emerging, especially information technology, biotechnology, new energy technology, etc. have penetrated widely into various fields. Big data, cloud computing and mobile Internet and other new generation information technologies are integrated with robots and intelligent manufacturing technologies. The international industrial division of labor and international competition are changing. The application of new technologies will become a key factor in determining the comparison of national power, and it will also be the fundamental driving force influencing and determining industrial development. In the future, the competition in the industrial field will mainly be represented by the competition in science and technology. As China's resources and environment are increasingly restricted, the only source of industrial competitiveness is technological innovation. Therefore, at present and in the future, we must seize the opportunity of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and comprehensively strengthen scientific and technological innovation, so as to add a strong driving force for industrial development.

Fourth, industrial transfer and industrial upgrading will interact more closely. Right now, China's economic development has entered an important period of industrial transfer and industrial upgrading. First, with the deepening of opening to the outside world, the international development of China's industries has entered a new stage, and the pace of enterprises' "going global" has increased. Second, with the increase of the degree of marketization, the flow of factors is smoother, and the industrial transfer between regions will be more frequent. It should be pointed out that whether industrial transfer is closely related to industrial upgrading is related to whether the industry will be hollowed out. In the next few years, China's industrial transfer will be more due to the needs of industrial transformation and upgrading. The pace of industrial transfer and industrial upgrading will further accelerate, and the relationship between the two will also be closer. (Article source: Economic Daily)

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